书面表达高级句子特训营
句子是文章表达思想的基本单位，因此句子质量将影响一篇文章的整体水平。句式单一，缺乏变化，不能合理使用复合句、非谓语动词、倒装结构、强调结构、省略结构、虚拟语气、直接引语和一些习惯表达是很多学生普遍存在的问题。下面主要结合近几年的高考参考范文简要谈谈如何提高句子的写作质量，从而增强文章的表现力、感染力和节奏感。
1、使用非谓语动词：非谓语动词的正确使用可简化句子结构，达到言简意赅的表意效果。
1) Common: The teacher should use Chinese from time to time, because it can help students understand the lesson better.
Powerful: To help students understand the lesson better, the teacher should use Chinese from time to time. （2007浙江）
2) Common: They each gave a speech and told us what they would do when they were elected.（2007北京）
Powerful: They each gave a speech telling us what they would do when they were elected.
3) Common: When you get inside, you’ll see many shelves full of books on different subjects.（2006全国）
Powerful: When getting inside, you’ll see many shelves full of books on different subjects.
4) Common: The weather was very bad and we had to call off the flight.
Powerful: The weather being very bad, we had to call off the flight.
2、使用同位语：可使句子表意更加准确或句子结构更加简洁。
1）Common: I want to have a pen friend and I hope she is a girl in her early twenties.
Powerful: I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties.（2007全国I）
2) Common: Meeting my uncle is an exciting moment and I will never forget it.
Powerful: Meeting my uncle is an exciting moment, one I will never forget.
3、使用介词短语：可简化句子结构，丰富句子表现形式。
1) Common: They don’t write on the paper but e-mail each other on the computer.
Powerful: Instead of writing on the paper，they e-mail each other on the computer.(2006北京)
2) Common: They managed to solve the problem although there were many difficulties.
Powerful: In spite of many difficulties, they managed to solve the problem.
4、使用with的复合结构：
1) Common: I have accomplished the task and now I feel very relaxed.
Powerful: With the task accomplished, I feel very relaxed.
2) Common: We will have no trouble settling the problem because our friend will help us.
Powerful: With our friend to help us, we will have no trouble settling the problem.
3) Common: The lake is very beautiful and varieties of fishes are swimming in it.
Powerful: The lake is very beautiful, with varieties of fishes swimming in it.
5、使用定语从句：有时用定语从句代替简单句可使句子结构更加紧凑、简洁，表意更加准确。
1)Common：The idea is intended to promote friendship and economy and highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike.
Powerful: The idea, which is intended to promote friendship and economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike. （2007福建）
2).Common: I don’t have to pay high bills for college and it can reduce my family’s heavy financial burden. 
Powerful: I don’t have to pay high bills for college, which can reduce my family’s heavy financial burden.（2007山东）
3) Common: We all know letters give way to e-mails nowadays with the popularity of the computer.
Powerful: As we all know, letters give way to e-mails nowadays with the popularity of the computer.
6、使用名词性从句：名词性从句表意功能强大，表现形式丰富，在写作中可使句式富有变化。
1) Common: I think students should place their study, health and safety before other things.
Powerful: It’s my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.（2005江西）
2) Common: The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day and hopes that they’ll have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life. 
Powerful: The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day, in the hope that they’ll have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life.（2007江苏）
3) Common: I didn’t attend your party because I had an unexpected visitor last night.
Powerful: The reason why I didn’t attend your party last night was that I had an unexpected visitor.
7、使用状语从句：状语从句可表示各种逻辑关系，根据实际需要熟练运用该从句改变句子的形式，丰富表达手段。
1) Common: To help us make the best of learning materials, the Students’ Union of our school is arranging the activity.
Powerful: In order that we can make the best of learning materials, the Students’ Union of our school is arranging the activity.（2007福建）
2) Common: I felt very happy when I encountered him for the first time.
Powerful: I felt very happy the first time I encountered him.
3) Common: I met Tom in the street yesterday and told him the exciting news.
Powerful: I told Tom the exciting news when/ the moment/ instantly/ directly/ immediately/ as soon as I met him in the street yesterday. 
4) Common: Anyhow, I will stick to my own opinion. 
  Powerful: Whatever happens/No matter what happens, I will stick to my own opinion.
8、使用倒装：恰当地使用倒装结构可起到强调或使句子富有变化的效果。
1）Common: Although the city is modern and convenient, there’re still some problems.（2004湖南）
Powerful: Modern and convenient as the city is, there’re still some problems.
2) Common: We can have enough energy to study better in this way.
Powerful: Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.（2006福建）
3) Common: He can not only have a lot more fun but he can increase his knowledge well.
Powerful: Not only can he have a lot more fun but he can increase his knowledge well. （2007上海）
4) Common: Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it.（2006全国）
Powerful: In the center of the school is our library, in front of which is a beautiful garden.
5) Common: The noise was so loud that I couldn’t go on studying.（2004广东）
Powerful: So loud was the noise that I couldn’t go on studying.
6) Common: I had hardly called my mother when I heard the news.
Powerful: Hardly had I called my mother when I heard the news. 
9、使用强调结构：可起到加强语气，突出表意功能。
1) Common: You carried me on your back to a nearby hospital.
Powerful: It was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital. （2007湖南）
2) Common: I really hope you’re picking up soon.
Powerful: I do hope you’re picking up soon.（2007重庆）
3) Common: People were not conscious of the importance of protecting the environment until all the fish died. 
  Powerful: It was not until all the fish died that people were conscious of the importance of protecting the environment
10、使用省略结构：可避免不必要的重复，使句子简短有力。
1) Common: If you are not satisfied with it, I can try and find another place for you.
Powerful: If not, I can try and find another place for you.（2003全国）
2) Common: If there is any possibility, I will take part in some social activities so that I can know more about the society.
Powerful: If possible, I will take part in some social activities so that I can know more about the society.（2007四川）
11、使用虚拟语气：虚拟语气的合理使用可使语气更加柔和、委婉或坚定，情感色彩更加浓厚。
1) Common: I hope I will have the chance to make friends with them.
Powerful: I would appreciate it if I could have the chance to make friends with them. （2004湖南）
2) Common: Because of your help, I passed the examination.
Powerful: Without your help, I would have failed in the examination. （2007湖南）
3) Common: We should take urgent measures to prevent the river form being polluted.
Powerful: It’s high time that we took urgent measures to prevent the river form being polluted
12、使用直接引语：可使表意更加生动、贴切。
Common: I expressed my thanks to him and went back to continue my study.
Powerful: “Thank you very much” I said and went back to continue my study.（2004广东）
13、用问句形式代替陈述句：
Common: Maybe you think it a wonderful. program .
Powerful: Don’t you think it a wonderful program ?（2004福建）
14、用被动语态代替主动语态：
Common: We have done a survey recently to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.
Powerful: Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.
15、引用警句、谚语：
1) Common: Remember if you don’t work hard you will get nothing.
Powerful: Remember, “ No pains, no gains!”.(2005北京)
2) Common: You can’t do it well unless you practice much.
Powerful: Practice makes perfect. （2007浙江）
16、使用感叹句：
Common: The tourist site is a very attractive place.
Powerful: What an attractive place the tourist site is! / How attractive the tourist site is!
17、用固定句型代替常见表达：
Common: Education is the most important part of a country’s future.
Powerful: It goes without saying that education is the most important part of a country’s future.（2007山东）
实战训练：
一、原句美容，锦上添花：根据括号中的提示改写下列句子：
1. She had hardly sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door. (倒装结构)
2. Tom was my friend and he helped me to solve the problem eventually. (同位语)
3. The place is very beautiful and it attracts people from all over the world. (so…that…)
4. I didn’t realize the importance of communicating with others until I lost all my friends. (强调句型、倒装结构)
5. My brother won the trust of the boss and it made us very delighted. (定语从句)
6. I have a lot of work to deal with. I can’t accompany you to the supermarket. (with的符合结构)
7. When I heard the exciting news, I couldn’t help jumping up. (非谓语动词)
8. Tom failed in the easy exam. It surprised us a great deal. (名词性从句)
9. The old man has three sons and one of them is working in Beijing. (独立主格)
10. Even if I am busy, I will try my best to think about the problem. (No matter)
二、各入其门，顺理成章：
下面是2007年辽宁高考英语书面表达的范文，但顺序已被打乱, 请按逻辑顺序调整。
①In my spare time, I will take part in different kinds of school activities, for example, I will often go to the English corner to practice my spoken English.
②In addition, I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers. 
③After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning.
④I think I will have a wonderful college life. 
⑤ What’s more, as I am away from my parents, it is necessary for me to learn to live on myself. ⑥I will go to college in the near future. 
参考答案：
1. Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
2. Tom, my friend, helped me to solve the problem eventually.
3. 1) The place is so beautiful that it attracts people from all over the world.
2) So beautiful is the place that it attracts people from all over the world.
4. 1) It was not until I lost all my friends that I realized the importance of communicating with others.
2) Not until I lost all my friends did I realize the importance of communicating with others.
5. My brother won the trust of the boss, which made us very delighted.
6. With a lot of work to deal with, I can’t accompany you to the supermarket.
7. When hearing the exciting news, I couldn’t help jumping up.
8. 1) It surprised us a great deal that Tom failed in the easy exam.
2) What surprised us a great deal was that Tom failed in the easy exam.
9. The old man has three sons, one of them working in Beijing. 
10. No matter how busy I am, I will try my best to think about the problem.
二、⑥③⑤①②④